On July 16, 2026, the National Communications Authority (NCA) of Ghana officially launched a Request for Applications (RFA) for spectrum licences in the 700 MHz, 2.3 GHz, and 3 GHz mid bands. This initiative is designed to enable the deployment of advanced mobile broadband services, including 5G, across Ghana. The process is open to existing Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs), Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) providers, Internet Service Providers (ISPs), and 100% Ghanaian-owned new entrants, subject to strict eligibility and ownership requirements.

The RFA details the available spectrum lots: three lots of 2x10 MHz in the 700 MHz band, five lots of 20 MHz in the 2.3 GHz band, and three lots of 50 MHz in the 3 GHz band. Each band has specific restrictions on the maximum number of lots per applicant, and certain eligibility exclusions apply (e.g., holders of 2.6 GHz spectrum cannot apply for 2.3 GHz lots). Minimum reserve prices are set for each lot, with a 40% premium for operators designated as having Significant Market Power (SMP), such as MTN Ghana, in the 700 MHz and 3 GHz bands.

Licensees are subject to robust rollout and coverage obligations, including achieving at least 70% national population coverage by March 6, 2027, and meeting progressive milestones for coverage of regional and district capitals, as well as rural areas. Additional obligations apply to SMP operators, particularly regarding rural coverage and national roaming.

The selection and award process involves multiple stages: submission of technical and financial documentation, eligibility and technical qualification assessment, and a competitive bidding process for spectrum lots. Applicants must submit detailed network design, rollout, and investment plans, and comply with ongoing reporting and compliance monitoring.

The NCA reserves the right to rationalize spectrum assignments in the 3 GHz band post-award to ensure efficient use. Non-compliance with obligations may result in administrative penalties, licence suspension, or revocation. This RFA marks a significant step in Ghana's digital transformation, aiming to foster competition, investment, and the rapid expansion of high-quality mobile broadband services nationwide.

This measure is classified as High Impact.

The RFA introduces new, mandatory requirements for spectrum licensing, network rollout, and operational obligations for a broad range of stakeholders in Ghana's telecom sector.

Key reasons for High Impact:

• Mandatory new licensing process for 5G and mobile broadband spectrum in three major bands (700 MHz, 2.3 GHz, 3 GHz)
• Strict eligibility, ownership, and technical requirements for applicants
• Significant rollout, coverage, and quality-of-service obligations
• New pricing structure, including SMP premium, affecting market dynamics
• Direct impact on device approval, network deployment, and service availability

Who is affected?

Mobile network operators, MVNOs, ISPs, BWA providers, new Ghanaian entrants, equipment manufacturers, and end-users.

Conclusion:

All stakeholders involved in the deployment, approval, and operation of mobile broadband and 5G services in Ghana must review and comply with the new licensing framework and associated obligations.